STAINLESS STEEL
History
In 1912, during World War I, English metallurgist
Harry Brearly was searching for an alloy that would prevent erosion and protect
cannon bores. He discovered that when chromium was added to low carbon steel,
the steel became resistant to staining.
There are more than 60 grades of stainless
steel, and these are some of the characteristics of this material:
Benefits and Characteristics:
Corrosion resistance
Stainless steel is essentially a low carbon steel which contains chromium at
10% or more by weight. The addition of chromium teams up with oxygen in the
atmosphere to form a protective substance called chrome oxide on its surface.
It is the chrome oxide that gives the steel its unique and exceptional corrosion
resisting properties and allows stainless steel to last for a long time.
Fire and heat resistance
Retains strength at high temperatures.
Hygiene and maintenance
Stainless steel needs less maintenance, and the easy cleaning ability of stainless
makes it the first choice for instruments and equipment in environments where
strict hygiene conditions are paramount, such as hospitals, kitchens, and other
food processing plants.
Aesthetic appearance
Stainless steel has a deep, medium to dark gray color to it, and when polished,
the surface has a mirror like shine to it. This bright, easily maintained surface
of stainless steel provides a modern and attractive appearance in numerous applications.
Strength-to-weight advantage
Fabrication
Modern steel-making techniques mean that stainless can be cut, welded, formed,
machined, and fabricated as readily as traditional steels.
Temperature resistance
The microstructure provides high toughness, from elevated temperatures to far
below freezing
Longevity
Stainless Steel has a long life-span resulting from its natural corrosion resistance.
It is this longevity that often makes it the least expensive option and the
ideal material in consumer and manufacturing applications. Other factors that
influence its usability are its environmental friendliness (nothing is applied
to the surface that will add additional material to the environment), and its
100% recyclability (50% of new stainless steel comes from old re-melted stainless
steel scrap)
Uses: Typical and historical uses:
Stainless steel, in one form or another, is found in our daily lives. Some of
the typical and historical uses of stainless steel since it was first commercially
produced in 1913:
Early 1900s
-cutlery and munitions
-manufacturing of valves for aircraft engines during the World War I
-the electric light bulb filament
-turbine blades
-commonly used as formed sheets in architectural construction
1920s
-manufactured in Great Britain for cutlery, surgical scalpels and tools, stoves,
and motor cars
-marketed in the late 20s and early 30s for kitchen use, public lobbies, exterior
ornament, roofing railings, hardware, doors, light fixtures, furniture, signage,
equipment, fermenting tanks, and transport tankers
1930s
-first stainless steel railway carriage appears in the USA.
-Rolls Royce produces the first stainless steel radiator grill and emblem
-introduction of stainless steel in kitchen sinks and furniture
-notable buildings incorporating the use of stainless steel: the top seven arches
of the Chrysler Building (1930), designed by William Van Alen, are stainless
steel clad, and the Empire State Building (1931), designed by Shreve, Lamb and
Harmon.
1940s through to 60s
-increasingly used for car accessories
-the first stainless steel underwater TV camera is made in 1954
-promoted for gutters, roofing, flashing and sheathing
-1963: the first stainless steel razor blades.
-1969: the first men on the moon (Apollo 11) are taken there by a stainless
steel Saturn V Rocket.
Design
The many unique characteristics of stainless steel have been discovered by architects,
engineers, artists, designers, metal smiths, and jewelers all over the world.
Its longevity, light weight, strength, flexibility, easy maintenance, resistance
to staining, corrosion, tarnish and oxidization has made it the material of
choice for buildings, furniture, appliances, design, and, yes, accessories and
jewelry.
The metallic shine of it's surface was the
reason why the American automobile tycoon Walter Chrysler crowned his world
famous Chrysler Building in New York with stainless steel in the late 20's.
The top seven arches of the roof are made of 4500 individual stainless steel
plates. Thirty years later when they were cleaned and checked for the first
time the magazine Metalfax wrote: „A bit dark, but as good as new."
To this day, the stainless roof can be found gleaming in the sun, or in the
evening, when the triangular windows of the crown are lit.
The latest architectural achievement incorporating the use
of stainless steel is the Walt Disney Concert Hall, new home of the Los Angeles
Philharmonic. Renowned architect Frank Gehry (of the Bilbao museum clad in titanium)
was selected to design the complex. Quoting from the official Walt Disney Concert
Hall web site: "The dramatically curved exterior of Walt Disney Concert Hall
is clad in stainless steel panels. The building's orientation, combined with the
curving and folding exterior walls, will present highly sculptural compositions
that wrap the entire building, presenting multiple facades to the surrounding
neighborhood". For more information on this "architectural landmark",
use the link provided below to reach the official site, and use this link to read
more on this architectural achievement: A
Symphony in Stainless.
Other notable buildings and designs incorporating
stainless steel are the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri (architect Eero
Saarinen) and the World's Tallest Building, the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia, which design includes a curtain wall of glass and stainless steel
sun shades to diffuse the intense equatorial light
Today:
We at Escapes are proud to feature contemporary designs in this most unique
material, merging material and design in beautiful jewelry you will be proud
to wear for years to come.
LINKS:
Visit Amazon.com for all your literature and information on stainless steel:
For more information and images of notable, great buildings incorporating stainless
steel in their design and architecture, visit the following pages:
last updated: April 2003